which的用法在英语学习中是比较重要的一个知识点,重要就说明必须要掌握。接下来小编在这里给大家带来which的用法,我们一起来看看吧!
3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容,而是指具体的人、时间、地点,则不用which。
一、关系代词that和which在定语从句中作主语和宾语,放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用。指物时,一般情况下可互换。如:Hereisthepenthat/whichyoulostyesterday.(that/which指物作宾语)hat/whichcanfly.(that/which指物,作主语)HeisthemostcarefulboythatIknow.(that指人,作宾语)Themanthatworksinthisroomisachemist.(that指人,作主语)
二、that,which在从句中作主语时,不能省略。作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。如上例1和中的that,which都可省略。
三、关系代词在主语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。Wheatisaplantthat/whichisgrowninthenorthofChina.
四、在定语从句中,关系代词that和which指物时,一般没有区别,但下列几种情况中不能互换:
a)先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little等不定代词时(something后也可用which):Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouintown?That’sall(that)Iknow.
b)先行词被序数词所修饰时:Thefirstthing(that)weshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.
c)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时:Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thenanjingyangtseriverbridgeisthelongestbridge(that)theyhaveeverseen.
d)先行词被only,very,no,any,same,little,oneof等词所修饰时:Thisistheonlything(that)wecandonow.Hegavemethesamepen(that)heborrowedfromme.DoyouhaveanybooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun?Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttoread.
e)当先行词中既有人又有物时:Themanandthecar(that)youwanttoseeareallhere.你相见的人和车都在这里。
f)that可指人,which则不能:Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
g)在“thetimewhen”等结构和某些时间状语中,when常被that代替,而且that往往省略:ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.
h)way后面可根由that引导的定语从句,但that一般都省略:Thatwasthewayshelookedafterus.
a)放在介词后面做介词宾语时:Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.但是,如把介词放在从句的后部,这时which就可换为that并常省略。如上例可改为:Thisisthequestion(that)we’vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.
b)在非限制性定语从句,无论指物指人,都不能用that。指物时,只能用which和其他关系代词。如:Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.
Thecurrent,whichisveryrapid,makestheriverdangerous.水流湍急,使这条河很危险。
HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.他得在星期天工作,他是不喜欢这样的。
TheLondonteam,whichplayedsowelllastseason,hasdonebadlythisseason.伦敦队上一个季度打得很好,这个季度却打得很差。
Shemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforher.她可能晚到,那样我们就要等等她。
Thedocumentsforwhichtheyweresearchinghavebeenrecovered.他们找寻的文件已找到了。
Thismorningsomeportwinecame,forwhichIhavetothankyou.今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒,为此我得向你道谢。
Hehadonlythelongnightsinwhichhecouldstudy.=Hehadonlythelongnightsinwhichtostudy.他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。
Hehadacoupleofrevolverswithwhichhecoulddefendhimself.=Hehadacoupleofrevolverswithwhichtodefendhimself.他只有一两把手用来自卫。
3.当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing)等时,通常用that:
Thesleepingman’ssubconsciousmindretainedeverythingthatwassaidaroundhim.这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。
Shewouldneverdoanythingthatwasnotapprovedofbyherparents.她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。
5.当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时,通常用that:
ThisisthebestdictionarythatI’veeverused.这是我用过的最好的词典。
Thefirstthingthatyoushoulddoistoworkoutaplan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatmostimpressedthem.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。
1.Helivedonaninvaliditypensionwhichcameasaweeklygiro.
2.Politicianswantalap-dogpresswhichwilluncriticallyreporttheirpropaganda.
3.Wewereinthesamecollege,whichwasmale-onlyatthattime.
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