Instatisticsandeconometrics,thetermpaneldata(orlongitudinaldata)referstomulti-dimensionaldatafrequentlyinvolvingmeasurementsovertime.Paneldatacontainobservationsofmultiplephenomenaobtainedovermultipletimeperiodsforthesamefirmsorindividuals.
Timeseriesandcross-sectionaldatacanbethoughtofasspecialcasesofpaneldatathatareinonedimensiononly(onepanelmemberorindividualfortheformer,imepointforthelatter).
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